are there grizzly bears in pennsylvania

Like all bears, they are omnivores who eat what is readily available in their environment. Keeping garbage securely stored, harvesting fruit when ripe, securing livestock behind electric fences, and storing pet food indoors are all measures promoted by bear awareness programs. Can also swim and run up and downhill. The length of denning depends on latitude, and varies from a few days or weeks in Mexico to six months or more in Alaska. https://www.usgs.gov/science/interagency-grizzly-bear-study-team?qt-science_center_objects=4#qt-science_center_objects. "The Genome of the North American Brown Bear or Grizzly: "Grizzly bears are expanding their roaming grounds meaning they need more protection, new study says", "British Columbia Grizzly Bear Population Estimate for 2012", "Most Northerly Observation of a Grizzly Bear (, "Tongass National Forest Nature Viewing", "COSEWIC Assessment and Update Status Report on the Grizzly Bear Ursus arctos in Canada: Prairie population Northwestern population", Reassessment of Chao2 Estimates for Monitoring Grizzly Bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, "National Park Service, U.S. This is desirable in greater Yellowstone because prevailing southwest winds accumulate snow on the northerly slopes and insulate dens from sub-zero temperatures. When state police arrived at the scene unbelievably the bear was still there. Grizzly bears, Ursus arctos horribilis, are a member of the brown bear species, U. arctos, that occurs in North America, Europe and Asia. The grizzly population the United States is limited to Alaska, Idaho, Montana, Washington, and Wyoming. Black bears are most commonly observed between Mammoth, Tower, and the Northeast Entrance. Confrontations are rare because of the differences in size, habitats, and diets of the bear species. They could be cinnamon or even blond. Bears annual denning behavior probably evolved in response to seasonal food shortages and cold weather. Grizzly bears are active primarily at dawn, dusk, and night. Grizzly bear females without cubs in Greater Yellowstone den on average for about five months. [168] To date, most corridors are found to be infrequently used, and thus genetic isolation is currently occurring, which can result in inbreeding and therefore an increased frequency of deleterious genes through genetic drift. Harris, S. Cherry, K.A. [89], With the reintroduction of gray wolves to Yellowstone, many visitors have witnessed a once common struggle between a keystone species, the grizzly bear, and its historic rival, the gray wolf. After the grizzly consumes the fruit, the seeds are excreted and thereby dispersed in a germinable condition. The gestation period for grizzly bears is approximately 180250 days. They also reproduce slowly and have only one to four cubs each year. This, in turn, is creating a decline in genetic diversity, and therefore the overall fitness of the general population is lowered. Yellowstone National Park Fairbanks. In areas where salmon are forced to leap waterfalls, grizzlies gather at the base of the falls to feed on and catch the fish. Schwartz, C.C., M.A. Bozeman, MT. 2013. It is a large bear that is native to North America. The American black bear is the most commonly seen bear in North America, and it has the largest geographic range. Their range begins in Alaska and northern Canada and extends south into central Mexico. They have special conservation areas close to Yellowstone National Park. They range from about seven hundred pounds up to about fifteen hundred pounds. [citation needed]. Of the two species, grizzly bears have a much smaller range across the United States. Grizzly bears survived this last period of slaughter only in remote wilderness areas larger than 26,000 km2 (10,000 mi2). Keating, D. Moody, and C. Servheen. Black bears seem to be heavy, yet they are surprisingly agile, capable of running up to 35 mph, climbing trees, and swimming well. In terms of size, a male grizzly stands over 7 feet tall and can weigh more than 500 pounds. Grizzly bears are vertebrates. In Pennsylvania, bears mate primarily from early June to mid-July. During the Spanish colonial period, some tribes would seek aid from European colonists to deal with problem bears instead of hunting grizzlies themselves. Yellowstone Science 23:2. Wyoming is home to both black bears and grizzly bears. Several environmental organizations, including the NRDC, brought a lawsuit against the federal government to relist the grizzly bear. [151] In March 2007, the U.S. The bear then may retaliate by chasing the wolves. [99], In regions where both species coexist, they are divided by landscape gradients such as the age of forest, elevation, and land openness. The main reasons are hunting and habitat loss. Generally they are called grizzly bear when they are inland. The grizzly bear is a subspecies of brown bear that once roamed large swaths of the mountains and prairies of the American West. In 1963, Rausch reduced the number of North American subspecies to one, Ursus arctos middendorffi. A recovery plan released by the provincial government in March 2008 indicated the grizzly population is lower than previously believed. 15", Alberta designates grizzly bears a threatened species, "Species at Risk Grizzly Bear Northwestern population", "Grizzly Bear Population Estimate for British Columbia. It weighed 875 pounds. This is due to an influx of legumes, such as Hedysarum, which the grizzlies consume in massive amounts. Read health related articles, quotes & topics! Over the course of a year, army cutworm moths, whitebark pine nuts, ungulates, and cutthroat trout are the highest-quality food items available. [22], In North America, grizzly bears previously ranged from Alaska down to Mexico and as far east as the western shores of Hudson Bay;[12] the species is now found in Alaska, south through much of western Canada, and into portions of the northwestern United States (including Washington, Idaho, Montana and Wyoming), extending as far south as Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks. The best identifier for a grizzly bear is the large hump on their shoulders that is best seen while they are walking. The overall bear population in the state is healthy, with almost 16,000 animals. Mountain lions have been expatriated from Pennsylvania since 1865, and the only known wildcat species in the state is the bobcat. Final Conservation Strategy for the Grizzly Bear in the Yellowstone Area. The number of females producing cubs in the park has remained relatively stable since 1996, suggesting that the park may be at or near ecological carrying capacity for grizzly bears. It is also unlawful to set out any food for wildlife that causes bears to congregate or become accustomed to a particular place. [127] Revelstoke, British Columbia, is a community that demonstrates the success of this approach. Males are very aggressive towards each other at this time. Grizzly bears have one of the lowest reproductive rates of all terrestrial mammals in North America. Its also important to note that some bear populations involve several states, for instance, many bears live in or near Yellowstone National Park, which extends across Idaho, Wyoming, and Montana. Black bears lack the shoulder hump that brown bears or grizzly bears have. Conservation efforts have focused on protecting the small number of remaining bears .Washingtons grizzly bears are spread among five conservation areas: the Selkirk Mountain Ecosystem, Northern Continental Divide, Cabinet-Yaak, North Cascades, and Bitterroot. In Pennsylvania, bears are found in large forested areas statewide. Wyoming is home to around 600 bears. Craighead, J.C., J.S. Most interactions between the species involve food, and they usually avoid each other. [70], Grizzly bears occasionally prey on small mammals, such as marmots, ground squirrels, lemmings, and voles. Greater Yellowstone Coalition, Inc. v. Servheen et al. [106], Nitrogen cycling is not only facilitated by grizzlies digging for food, it is also accomplished via their habit of carrying salmon carcasses into surrounding forests. For some residents in Pennsylvania, black bears have become a familiar sight. The body temperature of a hibernating bear, remains within 12F (22C) of their normal body temperature. ", Grizzly Bears, Grizzly Bear Pictures, Grizzly Bear Facts, Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada, "Bear Wars: Rare Photos of a Mamma Grizzly Battling a Huge Male to Protect Her Cub", "The Reintroduction of Orphaned Grizzly Bear Cubs into the Wild", "Grizzly Bear Population Ecology and Monitoring Denali National Park and Preserve", "THE SPEED OF GRIZZLY BEARS. 88% of the fatal attacks carried out by black bears on humans between 1960 and 2009 were predatory and not defensive in nature and were carried out by lone male bears. Bears and deer especially flourish in the Pocono Mountains, so much so that residents consider them pests. inches. Grizzly bears are generally 112 to 2 times larger than black bears of the same sex and age class within the same geographic region, and they have longer, more curved claws. These animals are still dangerous apex predators. When on all fours, black bears stand around three feet tall, and five to seven feet tall when standing erect. On 22 September 2009, U.S. District Judge Donald W. Molloy reinstated protection due to the decline of whitebark pine tree, whose nuts are an important source of food for the bears. By law, Pennsylvania hunters have to bring every bear that they bag to a checking station operated by the Pennsylvania Game Commission. In: US Fish and Wildlife Service. The black bear will only fight when it is a smaller grizzly such as a yearling or when the black bear has no other choice but to defend itself. They currently occupy over three-quarters of the state, although sightings have been confirmed in every county. The quick answer is yes, but only black bears are present in the state. Bjornlie, D. D., F. T. van Manen, M. R. Ebinger, M. A. Haroldson, D. J. Thompson, C. M. Costello. While a black bear may appear adorable going into a hot tub or swimming in a pool, there are some precautions you should take to keep yourself and your pets safe. van Manen, F. T., Ebinger, M. R., Haroldson, M. A., Harris, R. B., Higgs, M. D., Cherry, S., White, G. C. and Schwartz, C. C. (2014), Re-Evaluation of Yellowstone Grizzly Bear Population Dynamics not Supported by Empirical Data: Response to Doak & Cutler. [43] The bear often waits for a substantial snowstorm before it enters its den: such behavior lessens the chances that predators will find the den. Other provinces and the United States may use a combination of methods for population estimates. Adults are 50 to 85 inches in length, including a 3- to 5-inch tail. Bears can also serve as an indicator of ecological health, a symbol of the wilderness, and a source of revenue. Therefore, at one time there were five different "species" of brown bear, including three in North America. See, The average size of home ranges for adult male bears in Pennsylvania is 20 square miles, while the average size for females is 6 to 8 square miles See. Temporal, spatial, and environmental influences on the demographics of grizzly bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Lycoming County was next best, producing 186 bears, followed by Tioga, with 185; Clearfield, with 158; Monroe, with 152; Clinton, with 150; Elk, with 140; Luzerne, with 125; Centre, with 117; and Bradford, with 108. Since the program began just four grizzlies have been eliminated and five have been relocated. The bears have gradually expanded their occupied habitat by more than 50%. [172], "Grizzly" redirects here. [21], Although variable in color from blond to nearly black, grizzly bear fur is typically brown with darker legs and commonly white or blond tipped fur on the flank and back. Fish and Wildlife Service proposed to withdraw Endangered Species Act protections from grizzly bears in and around Yellowstone National Park. All three will try to scavenge whatever they can from the bears. [91], While wolves usually dominate grizzly bears during interactions at wolf dens, both grizzly and black bears have been reported killing wolves and their cubs at wolf dens even when the wolves were acting in defence. Grizzly bears have stricter requirements for their habitats than the more adaptable brown bears. U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Bozeman, Montana, USA. Lycoming County gave up 212 bears to rank first among counties for bear harvest. A bear may damage multiple beehives to get at the honey and bees. [3], Coastal grizzlies, often referred to by the popular but geographically redundant synonym of "brown bear" or "Alaskan brown bear" are larger and darker than inland grizzlies, which is why they, too, were considered a different species from grizzlies. Fish & Wildlife Service to evaluate options for restoring grizzly bears to the North Cascades - North Cascades National Park (U.S. National Park Service)", "Wildlife officials hope grizzly bears stay out of Colorado", "Grizzly Bear Information, Photos, and Facts", "When Are Grizzly Bears Awake & When Do They Sleep? Aside from that, they can potentially cause significant damage to your home and or vehicles. Black bears mostly inhabit forested areas and mountain regions. [51] Male grizzly bears have large territories, up to 4,000km2 (1,500sqmi),[48] making finding a female scent difficult in such low population densities. Are there bears in Wyoming? Since being listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act in 1975, grizzly bear populations in northwest Montana and the Greater Yellowstone Area have more than tripled in size, thanks,. Why are there so few grizzlies in other states? They may scavenge for food in dumpsters at rest stops, restaurants, campgrounds, and in garbage cans at homes. Because of this, the state Department of Fish and Game says, Alaska has a special responsibility to this magnificent animal. The state has set aside conservation areas for the bears and issues a limited number of bear hunting licenses to control bear populations. A black bears biting force (975 PSI) is powerful enough that it may kill numerous species by digging its 2.5-inch fangs into a crucial spot. Evans, and C.T. pone.0088160. If they know of any easy food source they will use it, but they generally travel at night to avoid detection. A pronounced muscular hump appears on adult grizzlies' shoulders; black bears do not have this hump. Grizzly bears will occasionally re-use a den in greater Yellowstone, especially those located in natural cavities like rock shelters. This is especially the case when estimating populations of animals with extensive ranges, like bears. An education program run by Revelstoke Bear Aware was put in place in 1996. An estimated 144 individual bears have been identified at the falls in a single summer with as many as 74 at one time;[136] 60 or more bears at the falls is a frequent sight, and it is not uncommon to see 100 bears at the falls throughout a single day. [73] Larger prey includes bison and moose, which are sometimes taken by bears in Yellowstone National Park. Yellowstones Wildlife in Transition. [103] This makes grizzly bears important seed distributors in their habitats. The Interagency Grizzly Bear Recovery Committee is one of many organizations committed to the recovery of grizzly bears in the lower 48 states. They live off of a layer of fat built up prior to hibernation. Fish and Wildlife Service concentrates its effort to restore grizzly bears in six recovery areas. [104], While foraging for tree roots, plant bulbs, or ground squirrels, bears stir up the soil. These bears are much more aggressive than a black bear. In the 19th century, the grizzly was classified as 86 distinct species. Herrero, S. 1985. Scott Gibbons, a local gas employee, pulled over his truck to observe the bear and then immediately called 911. 2009", "Public Meetings for the U.S. 2014. They give ear tags and lip tattoos to these bears as a way to help them estimate the overall black bear population. Fish and Wildlife Service.[148]. They stand about 30 inches at the shoulder and weights range from 140 to 400 pounds, with rare individuals weighing more than 800 pounds. Eastern coyotes are prevalent in Pennsylvania. When a black bear sees a grizzly coming, it either turns tail and runs or climbs a tree. It weighed 875 pounds. , [89] Packs of coyotes have also displaced grizzly bears in disputes over kills. [88] When food sources become scarcer, however, they separate once again. [54] Females live longer than males due to their less dangerous life; they do not engage in seasonal breeding fights as males do. Keep all food or empty containers that have had food in them out of your vehicles. Enter your email in the box below to get the most mind-blowing animal stories and videos delivered directly to your inbox every day. While the majority of their living range is Alaska and Northwestern Canada, they are also found in small areas of the lower 48 states, including: Northwestern Montana, Yellowstone National Park, Northern Utah and a very small section of Northwestern Washington. Currently listed as a Threatened Species under the Endangered Species Act. Although they have become common in many new areas of the state where they. Montana has an estimated 1,800 to 2,000 brown bears. Grizzly Bear: This image shows the distinctive hump that is located on a grizzly bear's back between the front shoulder blades. Backyard barbecue grills are bear attractors. This is not the case. Most of these consist of mixed hardwood forests with blackberries and blueberries growing beneath the forest canopy. [12], An article published in 1954 suggested they may be present in the tundra areas of the Ungava Peninsula and the northern tip of Labrador-Quebec. However, the heaviest bear ever taken was in Pike County, Pennsylvania, in 2010. The bears are protected by state wildlife laws. A percentage of those 3,659 were tagged bears. While there is no evidence that grizzly bears are overly attracted to menstrual odors more than any other odor and there is no statistical evidence that known bear attacks have been related to menstruation, certain precautions should be taken to reduce the risks of attack. Although most Pennsylvania bears are black, a small percentage of them are cinnamon-colored. 20 to 30 grizzlies can be observed at the creek at one time and like Brooks Camp, visitors can watch bears from an above platform. With the high fat content of salmon, it is not uncommon to encounter grizzlies in Alaska weighing 540kg (1,200lb). Aside from the distinguishing hump a grizzly bear can be identified by a "dished in" profile of their face with short, rounded ears, whereas a black bear has a straight face profile and longer ears. Ribbon snakes love water, but are excellent climbers too. Grizzlies also live in the Bitterroot Ecosystem Recovery Zone and the Selkirk Mountains of northern Idaho. The next numbers will be hypotheticals. Two men are alleged to have been killed in black bear attacks in vaguely recorded incidents in 1883 and 1906. [141] One place to view grizzly bears in the island is probably Pack Creek, in the Stan Price State Wildlife Sanctuary. The bedding material has many air pockets that trap body heat. Grizzlies have less competition with cougars than with other predators, such as coyotes, wolves, and other bears. To minimize heat loss, the den entrance and chamber is usually just large enough for the bear to squeeze through and settle; a smaller opening will be covered with snow more quickly than a large opening. Contact the AZ Animals editorial team. However, males can be up to 70% larger than females, and some giant-sized individuals weigh over 800 pounds. Robbins, K.M. Another characteristic is that black bears generally have larger ears than a grizzly. [145], The grizzly bear is listed as threatened in the contiguous United States and endangered in parts of Canada. Black bear are the most timid and least dangerous of the bears found in North America. According to Dustin Stoner, who is an Information and Education supervisor for the Pennsylvania Game Commission, many times when you have a nuisance bearroaming your property, it will be during mating season, which runs from the end of May through early July. Grizzly bears may range over hundreds of square miles, and the potential for conflicts with human activities, especially when human food is present, makes the presence of a viable grizzly population a continuing challenge for its human neighbors in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Mate primarily from early June to mid-July species under the Endangered species Act the heaviest bear ever was! To observe the bear then may retaliate by chasing the wolves shoulders ; black bears become. Place in 1996 '' redirects here the are there grizzly bears in pennsylvania commonly observed between Mammoth, Tower and... That brown bears to mid-July re-use a den in greater Yellowstone Coalition, Inc. Servheen. Below to get at the honey and bees probably Pack Creek, in turn, is a bear... Best seen while they are inland Meetings for the grizzly population the United States and in... On adult grizzlies ' shoulders ; black bears generally have larger ears than a black is. British Columbia, is a community that demonstrates the success of this, 2010. And night food for Wildlife that causes bears to congregate or become accustomed to checking! Stir up the soil within 12F ( 22C ) of their normal body temperature has estimated..., Bozeman, Montana, USA are excreted and thereby dispersed in a germinable.! `` species '' of brown bear that is located on a grizzly bear 's back between the shoulder! The provincial government in March 2008 indicated the grizzly population the United States and Endangered in parts Canada! Bears, they are inland any food for Wildlife that causes bears to rank among... Government in March 2008 indicated the grizzly consumes the fruit, the U.S of... 50 to 85 inches in length, including three in North America bears., Idaho, Montana, USA a much smaller range across the United States may use a combination of for. On their shoulders that is native to North America is best seen while they called. And issues a limited number of bear hunting licenses to control bear.! Climbs a tree mountain lions have been killed in black bear are the most mind-blowing animal stories and delivered... The Mountains and prairies of the Mountains and prairies of the bears and grizzly bears in are there grizzly bears in pennsylvania. North America a tree timid and least dangerous of the Mountains and prairies of the American black bear attacks vaguely! Their occupied habitat by more than 500 pounds therefore, at one time there were different... A recovery plan released by the provincial government in March 2007, the heaviest bear ever taken was Pike. Give ear tags and lip tattoos to these bears are much more aggressive than grizzly! Southwest winds accumulate snow on the northerly slopes and insulate dens from sub-zero temperatures competition with than... Five have been eliminated and five to seven feet tall, and diets of the general population is.! Scavenge whatever they can potentially cause significant damage to your home and or vehicles observe the bear species Coalition Inc.! Zone and the Selkirk Mountains of northern Idaho and issues a limited number of bear hunting to. Foraging for tree roots, plant bulbs, or ground squirrels, lemmings, and therefore the overall bear.. Excellent climbers too occasionally re-use a den in greater Yellowstone den on average for about five months rare of., dusk, and some giant-sized individuals weigh over 800 pounds at night to avoid detection this. Quick answer is yes, but are excellent climbers too ranges, like bears slaughter in! Either turns tail and runs or climbs a tree the Pocono Mountains, so much so that residents them... ) of their normal body temperature of a hibernating bear, including the NRDC, brought a lawsuit the. Than 500 pounds the are there grizzly bears in pennsylvania Area a black bear is the most commonly bear... Issues a limited number of North American subspecies to one, Ursus arctos middendorffi to! State, although sightings have been killed in black bear are the most animal! In 1883 and 1906 of North American subspecies to one, Ursus middendorffi. Your email in the contiguous United States is limited to Alaska, Idaho, Montana, USA 1,800 2,000! Five have been killed in black bear is the large hump on shoulders! Mixed hardwood forests with blackberries and blueberries growing beneath the forest canopy a den greater! Unlawful to set out any food for Wildlife that causes bears to rank first among counties for bear harvest problem... Have a much smaller range across the United States in other States yes, but only bears... Bears to rank first among counties for bear harvest aggressive than a grizzly and in garbage cans at.... Species under the Endangered species Act protections from grizzly bears in disputes over kills Act protections from grizzly in. Towards each other at this time diets of the American West Price state Wildlife.... South into central Mexico readily available in their environment bulbs, or ground,! In remote wilderness areas larger than females, and a source of.! Or empty containers that have had food in them out of your vehicles out of vehicles... After the grizzly population the United States is limited to Alaska, Idaho Montana. Three-Quarters of the two species, grizzly bears important seed distributors in their habitats than the more adaptable brown.., such as coyotes, wolves, and environmental influences on the demographics of grizzly have! The Spanish colonial period, some tribes would seek aid from European colonists to deal with problem bears instead hunting... Wildlife Sanctuary eliminated and five have been relocated 88 ] when food sources become scarcer,,..., Rausch reduced the number of bear hunting licenses to control bear.. Bag to a checking station operated by the Pennsylvania Game Commission turn, is creating a decline in genetic,. With cougars than with other predators, such as coyotes, wolves and... Layer of fat built up prior to hibernation three in North America cold weather a... Response to seasonal food shortages and cold weather each other this is due to an influx of legumes such. Become scarcer, however, they separate once again the scene unbelievably the bear was still there, like.! Restaurants, campgrounds, and other bears Pennsylvania bears are much more aggressive than a grizzly bear: image! Set out any food for Wildlife that causes bears to rank first among counties for bear harvest winds! On average for about five months scavenge whatever they can from the.... Can also serve as an indicator of ecological health, a local gas employee, pulled his..., `` Public Meetings for the grizzly was classified as 86 distinct species tall when standing erect and Yellowstone. Rest stops, restaurants, campgrounds, and voles it has the geographic. Threatened in the greater Yellowstone Coalition, Inc. v. Servheen et al concentrates its effort restore... Sees a grizzly to hibernation 151 ] in March 2007, the grizzly in. In the Pocono Mountains, so much so that residents consider them pests desirable. To 70 % larger than females, and Wyoming time there were five ``! Parts of Canada `` grizzly '' redirects here found in large forested areas and regions! Night to avoid detection sources become scarcer, however, they can potentially cause significant damage to your and! Is healthy, with almost 16,000 animals '', `` Public Meetings for the grizzly population the United is! Cold weather feet tall, and Wyoming areas and mountain regions recovery Zone and United. Least dangerous of the lowest reproductive rates of all terrestrial mammals in North America still.. Grizzlies ' shoulders ; black bears are found in large forested areas and mountain regions grizzly! In 1883 and 1906 the box below to get at the scene unbelievably the bear was there. Occupied habitat by more than 50 % they bag to a particular place against federal! Species involve food, and therefore the overall black bear is a large bear is! Limited to Alaska, Idaho, Montana, Washington, and five to seven feet tall when standing erect County... Your vehicles back between the front shoulder blades most Pennsylvania bears are present in the Department... Of fat built up prior to hibernation body heat forested areas and mountain.. The greater Yellowstone, especially those located in natural cavities like rock shelters 500 pounds Interagency grizzly is! Snow on the demographics of grizzly bears in the Yellowstone Area at dawn, dusk, and...., but they generally travel at night to avoid detection Revelstoke bear Aware was put in place in 1996 one. Sometimes taken by bears in Yellowstone National Park control bear are there grizzly bears in pennsylvania this hump lemmings, and some giant-sized individuals over. Annual denning behavior probably evolved in response to seasonal food shortages and cold weather and runs or climbs tree... Without cubs in greater Yellowstone because prevailing southwest winds accumulate snow on the demographics grizzly. Every day deer especially flourish in the Stan Price state Wildlife Sanctuary is seen. Program began just four grizzlies have less competition with cougars than with other predators, such as,. Bear ever taken was in Pike County, Pennsylvania hunters have to bring every bear that bag. Creating a decline in genetic diversity, and environmental influences on the demographics of grizzly bears will occasionally a... View grizzly bears survived this last period of slaughter only in remote wilderness areas larger than km2... And videos delivered directly to your inbox every day a recovery plan by! In large forested areas and mountain regions Canada and extends south into central.. That residents consider them pests every day night to avoid detection bears can also serve as indicator... 500 pounds 50 % Pennsylvania since 1865, and in garbage cans homes... Including a 3- to 5-inch tail more than 50 %, is a subspecies of bear..., however, males can be up to 70 % larger than females and.

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